Asian Contributions Essay Example for Free

Asian Contributions Essay Numerous years back, the laws of the United States precluded Asian settlers from entering the nation. This law was in the end denied and in 1952 enactment passed that permits individuals of all races to become United States Citizens. As indicated by the U.S. International safe haven site (n.d.), â€Å"today Asian Americans are one of the quickest developing ethnic gatherings in the nation, as of now roughly fifteen million individuals of Asian plunge live in the United States† (para. 2). This paper will analyze the impacts these developing Asian-American people group have on the social and social structure of American culture. As per an article by Lam (2009), â€Å"Asian societies have developed and completely coordinated into the American culture in the twenty-first century to the degree it is regularly non-Asian Americans who rehearse and advance Asian cultures† (para. 9). Asian Americans are people whose family lines and foundations begin in the Far East and Southeast Asia. Asian American people group and their social impacts have positively influenced the social and social structure of American culture. From home grown medication to needle therapy, the Asian American effect is noticeable in various parts of American culture. Medication †Herbal medication and needle therapy are an elective medication for torment the executives that began in the Asian culture. This alongside reflection and India’s yoga just as natural back rub treatment are seen as an all encompassing way to deal with wellbeing and stress the board. Exercise †Tai chi chuan as it is known is an old Chinese exercise that has been received by Americans as a smooth type of activity. Yoga as it is known in America centers around profound breathing and centered developments. This activity that has been adjusted to American social orders is additionally utilized as a formâ of hand to hand fighting. Combative techniques †Asian American’s have affected American social orders with the joining of hand to hand fighting into American culture. From Jiu Jitsu to Judo to Karate or Mixed Martial Arts all are sorts of cautious preparing that remaining parts conspicuous in Asian American people group. Asian food †It is hard to go in any piece of the United States without experiencing some sort of Asian cooking. Probably the most probable cafés are Chinese, Japanese, Thai, and Vietnamese. This Asian style of food has offered Americans such dishes as singed rice, chow mein, egg rolls and teriyaki. Also that numerous American homes currently have woks as a major aspect of their kitchen utensils so as to get ready Asian dishes at home. Religion †While the biggest bit of the Asian American populace is Christian there are still a few individuals that keep on perceiving the religion of their country. This strictly various ethnic gathering has added to the development of Hinduism and Buddhism among American social orders and societies. As expressed by Lam (2009) â€Å"according to an overview finished in 2003, 30% of Americans state they know about the Buddhist lessons and twenty-two percent guarantee to be familiar with Hinduism† (para 23). This creator is new to the idea of Asian American telecom companies, periodicals or magazines; anyway it is exceptional to tune into a Saturday morning animation arrange without seeing the Japanese animes overwhelming these stations. It is the accord of this writer that the Asian American people group have in the past all through their migration to the United States and will keep on affecting the social and basic system of American culture. References Lam, A. (2009). From theory to food, Asian culture moves americans. Recovered: December 21, 2012. From: www.america.gov US Embassy. (n.d.). Recovered: December 22, 2012. From: www.usembasy.de/society-asians.htm

The Causes of World War III Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Causes of World War III - Essay Example For example, the wake of World War I and World War II demonstrated chance of World War III. The utilization and testing of atomic weapons and the initiation of Cold War just as its improvement was sufficient proof that there could be a potential World War III. This war was arranged after expectation by the common specialists and military who investigated in fiction in different nations. There were going ideas of annihilation of the planet and even utilization of nuclear weapons. Different pioneers, for example, Podhoretz Norman has recommended that Cold War could be related with World War III since it was battled on a worldwide scale with United States, NATO, Warsaw Pact, and Soviet Union nations who gave military, political and financial help. Be that as it may, World War III is today a mainstream society and the individuals who could begin it structures enduring subjects of conversation. Creators have discussed potential reasons for the World War III while others have firmly differ and reprimanded. This paper along these lines tries to talk about why Wright Mills thought there could be World War III and the motivation behind why under, military mechanical complex that made first class in the United States attempting to take control over, Ted Goertzel doesn't concur with Mill on his idea of the reasons for the Third World War. As indicated by Wright Mills, there were desperate admonitions on the advent of the Third World War during the 1950s. As the world faces the atomic weapons presentation, other basic creators just as Wright Mills have misrepresented the shortcomings of the social regular citizen powers and the military force in the American culture as the major foreseen reasons for World War III. Since thirty years after Wright Mills distributed his book on the reasons for the Third World War, there has been affirmation of the mass society and the non atomic clashes which have remained the essential dangers to the tranquility of the world. Wright Mills th inks in his book that the Third World War might be cause by the probable hood of militarism, weapons contest, atomic war, and the mechanical military complex. Harmony developments have anyway made endeavors to quiet the feelings of dread of rise of World War III. Wright Mills proceeds to caution that throughout the entire existence of our momentary age, there is a presumable hood of World War III developing on the planet. Factories had faith in the advent of atomic calamity. Likewise, other atomic radicals have additionally anticipated event of calamity for a serious long time. There were forecasts of brief timeframe staying not long before an atomic night comes to surface. As per Wright Mills, the blast of the Soviet Union bomb is a conceivable sign that World War III may occur. He additionally believes that the force elites of the Soviet Union and the United states, thinking back to the 1950s were pushing tirelessly and thoughtlessly floating towards war. He additionally built up the analysis’ suggestions on the endurance of the planet and attesting that the force world class of the United States and their partners in Kremlin drove the media controlled and detached masses down the Armageddon through the way of iniquity (Ted, 1989). Concurring Wright Mills, the mechanical military complex progressively commanded American life and ought to be found in the pointers of the economy. The interims of military that development over the most recent thirty years, for example, the Reagan and the Vietnam War years were outstanding and prone to propose the rise of the Third World War. Plant says that these two excellent wars were because of political non military personnel powers. These were related with ideological and political reasons and not at the military asking. The mind-boggling pressure by people in general against the military expanding spending may

Vertical Integration Walmart free essay sample

Vertical coordination is a business development technique for financial matters of scale. It is epitomized by one firm occupied with various pieces of creation model; developing crude materials, producing, shipping, advertising, and additionally retailing to extend business in existing business sector for the firm. It can work in two ways both forward reconciliation and in reverse coordination. In Forward incorporation includes organization to create procedure to control the firm item appropriation either through dispersion communities or retailers. It is an essential activity when organizations have potential advantages from dealing with, transportation of their own items legitimately to clients, or the retail selling their own items in brand stores. In reverse coordination includes organization to create procedure to control its gracefully of crude material by getting its provider firm or setting up its own offices to deliver the material to accomplish cost proficiency and appreciate monetary of scale. Regularly it is found out that the enormous speculation is required for firm to create vertical reconciliation, hence, it is significant for the firm to know already whether vertical incorporation technique increase the value of the organization, and does it lined up with the general procedure of the organization, client needs and needs. We will compose a custom article test on Vertical Integration Walmart or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page For Wal-Mart, it is smarter to create vertical joining dependent on the firm foundation in the market and the firm is continually investigating extension. Walmart is a notable hypermarket with 8500 stores across 15 distinct nations. It is ready to go of offering everything to customers’ needs in their regular day to day existences. Wal-Mart rehearses vertical reconciliation methodology where it has built up its own name image to sell items called Sams Choice Today; Sam’s Choice expanded its items like soda pops, grain, and pooch nourishment. While they still dont develop their own harvests or raise their own domesticated animals, it is as yet a type of vertical joining. In 2010, the organization extended to cook home amusement by purchasing over Vudu that offers web based gushing assistance offering clients to buy motion pictures that is perfect to any web fit gadget. Having solid nearness in the retail business, the firm extended business to offer recycled vehicle. The firm influence on its abilities to give its own item to buyer. Likewise, Wal-Mart works vigorously with its providers. This advantageous relationship can be viewed as vertical joining because of the level at which Wal-Mart examinations its providers and improves their assembling forms. Wal-Mart unquestionably has the business methodology of Low Cost Leadership. They don't do anything to truly separate themselves from contenders and give no nonsense self-administration stores that consistently give the most minimal costs. Wal-Mart has constructed enough clout with providers that they can direct the costs and go in and change providers fabricating forms so as to wring out an ever increasing number of reserve funds for the customer. Be that as it may, it isn't generally the situation that all organizations ought to create vertical incorporation technique to appreciate financial of scale. Firm like boutique or specialty things that produces taking things down a notch are not appropriate to execute as it will profit less from vertically incorporated for the most part on the grounds that the information interest for develop is little and because of elite nature their costs are inelastic as contrast with industry like Oil and Gas Industry, Telecom, Media, car created vertical mix procedure . The principle preferred position of the vertical joining is the expanded control. For example, Wal-Mart with enormous piece of the overall industry is appealing to provider. Despite the fact that Wal-Mart doesn't possess resource explicitness to create item inside yet there is an enormous market contribution outside and subsequently Walmart is profited by having bartering power and dealing with cost and assembling process so as to wring out increasingly sparing buyer. Then again Walmart, performs dissemination and retailing exercises, it has more command over the manner in which the item is introduced and at what costs it is sold in the market In comparative with firm like oil and gas industry Esso portable, it gain control through Asset explicitness to create inside. Building up a vertical combination methodology exclusively increment favorable circumstances over rivalry and ready to square contenders from accessing rare assets or significant markets. A retailer may purchase an assembling organization, for example, to access restrictive innovation, licenses or assets just accessible in the organizations neighborhood. For example Walmart obtained VuVu to access the home amusement business. Coordinate an association the work done by past providers or costumers are additionally presenting or growing the center capabilities of your laborers. That way you can be advancing a portion of your association occupations, prompting expanding fulfillment and inspiration of your laborers, which is a significant advantage. For example, Walmart worker is pivoted to various work that empower representative to gained new ability and worth add to their development. Vertical incorporation offers the chance to go considerably further. With specific resources and having more power over information sources, it is conceivable that you can separate from your rivals, and increase upper hand. This is an approach to build your offer in the market, which can prompt expanded benefits. For test No uncertainty vertical joining helps benefit income however it required gigantic capital infusion to deliver overabundance products for retail circulation and to guarantee having sufficient extra room. At the point when merchandise are sold Walmart rakes in boatloads of cash however on the off chance that its unsold, they need to hold up under the expense and on occasion arrange away as item have life length. Its subsequent in misfortunes. It brings about fixed wellsprings of gracefully and less adaptability in pleasing purchaser requests for item assortment. It expands firms extent of movement, securing it more profound in the business Vertical coordination presents issues of adjusting limit at each phase of significant worth chain. It can lessen an organizations fabricating adaptability, extending configuration time and capacity to present new items. For instance, Walmart to build limit, they need to ensure that they produce the extra deals relating to that expanded limit. In spite of the fact that their organizations procure a greater space, new gear yet there’s not an arrangement for acquiring the deals to exploit that expanded limit ability, it’s simply expanded overhead; a fixed expense. At the point when you coordinate more work that is distinctive in your association, you are growing new center capabilities, which is, as observed previously, a beneficial outcome. In any case, this can speak to a downside when these new skills influence existing abilities in a pessimistic manner, making individuals awkward in playing out their capacities, which can end in less fulfillment and inspiration of the laborers and in less efficiency of the undertaking. Albeit vertical reconciliation should prompt lower costs, in truth now and again you can acquire a remarkable inverse. It is conceivable that you increment your associations bureaucratic expenses by the way that you are coordinating various occupations in a similar association. Another issue is that on the off chance that you coordinate in reverse, you may decrease or take out rivalry among providers, which can bring about low efficiencies and, thus, greater all in all, regardless of whether to create vertical joining technique the association will require guarantee that its income can continue as the hazard is high due enormous capital infusion and furthermore to have cautious investigation on condition to guarantee that the interest for input is high before building up the system.

Antigone as a Tragic Hero - Literature Essay Samples

It is not often in Greek myth or tragedy that a woman is found portrayed as a tragic hero. However, Sophocles makes the hero of his Antigone, the third and last play in the theme of Oedipus life, a woman. And though this is out of context for a Greek play, it is still considered one of the greatest Greek tragedies ever to have been written. The tragic hero of this drama is Antigone, the character from which the play derives its title. This is shown by the fact that not only is she the protagonist of the play, but she also holds certain qualities of a tragic hero. What seems to be least important in determining the tragic hero of this play, in fact, is whether or not the hero is male or female, which is surprising due to the misogynistic tendencies of most Greek stories. What are most important are the three major characteristics concerning the make up of a tragic hero. First, it is important that the hero must be of noble descent. Second, the hero must be judged by the audienc e (whose opinion generally rests on the opinion of the Chorus) to be a good and just person. And third, the hero must have a tragic flaw; without it there would be no dramatic complications or tragic consequences. Antigone does, in fact, have all three of these qualities, and thus is one of very few tragic heroines.The first quality of a tragic hero, the noble birth, is satisfied by the fact that Antigone is one of the four children of Oedipus: Polyneices, Eteocles, Ismene, and Antigone. Oedipus, whose life and family as a whole are the main focal point of Sophocles Antigone and its two preceding plays, is the King of Thebes for most of his adult life. In Oedipus, the second play of Aeschylus lost Theban trilogy, is where we learn the greatest details that are prior knowledge to the play. Certain points, such as: that it was predicted that Oedipus would kill his father and sleep with his mother; that unwittingly he did both; are told in Aeschylus play, and are assumed as genera l knowledge in Sophocles Oedipus the King. (Grene, 108) And in the same way is the knowledge of Oedipus coming to the throne by solving the riddle of the great and terrible Sphinx taken for granted. This makes her the princess of Thebes up until the point where Oedipus concedes the throne to Creon, his brother-in-law and uncle. Furthermore, the reader learns in Oedipus the King that Oedipus was also the adopted son of Polybus, the King of Corinth. Therefore, if he had not left Corinth, his line still would have been considered of noble birth.Thereby, being of noble birth, she also must prove to be a good person, and by the standards of the Chorus, she does seem to do so. Her life, through Oedipus at Colonus, the second of Sophocles plays of Oedipus, consists of taking care of her recently blinded and banished father with the help of her sister Ismene. Thus, by being devoted to her father she reveals one aspect of her kindness and devotion. In this play Oedipus says to his el dest son,  ³had these daughters not been born to me to be my comfort, in truth I would be dead. ² (Jebb, Oedipus at Colonus, line 1366) She also shows her unending devotion to her family in Antigone when she refuses to let her brother Polyneices be dishonored by leaving his body unburied. Her brothers died fighting each other, and Eteocles, who fought on the side of Creon, was to be buried with honors while Polyneices is left unwept, unburied, a dainty treasure for the birds that see him, for their feasts delight. (Grene, 182) This act of devotion is also filled with much courage since Creon has ordered that the funeral, go on in this way, and if anyone is found trying to bury the bodies, they will be put to death by public stoning. (Grene, 182) Sophocles puts this courage in contrast with a character such as Ismene who seems to be devoted to her family until the idea of being killed gets thrown in. Quickly, she becomes no longer willing to help her poor dead brother. Pl us, Antigones courage seems to be intensified since she is a woman going against the will of powerful men, as Ismene points out when she says, You ought to realize we are only women, not meant in nature to fight against men, and that we are ruled by those who are stronger. (Grene, 183) After this conversation with her sister, Antigone rebukes her sister for letting others come between her and her devotion o her family, though not too quickly. For another one of Antigones attributes is her ability to listen. Small things like the ability to listen and be open-minded are important in the conception of the audience as to whether a character is just or not. For instance, Antigone stands in perfect contrast to Creon in the play, whose pride always gets the better of him and seems to prevent him from making good judgments. For example, when a sentry comes to tell Creon that someone has tried to bury Polyneices, he immediately accuses the sentry of doing these actions himself, for mo ney, without even considering why a man would report on himself for a crime that carries the punishment of death. In the same way, he accuses the seer Tiresias of taking money to prophesy against Creons actions when he says, the whole breed of prophets certainly loves money. (Grene, 221) This virtue of discernment, which Creon lacks, as well as her devotion, courage, and views of justice are what make her a good person in the eyes of the audience.The one characteristic left to prove Antigone as a tragic hero is her tragic flaw, just as all tragic heroes have had a flaw. Antigone ¹s flaw lies within the same scope as her father ¹s. Antigone is a brutally honest person who sees no honor in backing down from what she knows is right, and this will serve as her undoing. At no point does Antigone hold back her feelings. She tells Ismene that she is a coward for not doing what is right, and she reminds Creon of his sins while she faces death at his hands. And as she is led off to her prison, she refuses to cry for the love of Haemon, which she will not have, for it would make her seem weak. However, this only proves to lock her tighter into the punishment that Creon has ordered for her, thus proving to be her undoing, and all the while outlining more and more the courage that she exhibits.The cry that she releases at the very end of her life, when her job has been done, and when she no longer needs to be the ultimate in strength of spirit, reveals the idea that she is still a woman. This is the beauty of Antigone as a tragic hero. She has all the strength that the ancient Greeks would attribute to a man, but she still carries the softness of a woman. In a society whose culture is based on misogynistic mythology, Sophocles has created a woman spirit that can be rivaled by no other Greek tragedy.  ³Nowhere else has the poetry of the ancient world embodied so lofty or so beautiful an ideal of womans love and devotion. ² (Jebb, Commentary, intro 14) Thus, Sophocles makes it possible for the women of antiquity to be viewed as more than just seductresses and witches who cannot be trusted within Greek plays.Antigone has all the characteristics of a tragic hero, and can be considered to be the first great heroine. Her courage, sense of justice, and undying devotion to her family are what gain her this status. In a sense, the sheer strength of her convictions gives her an essence of martyrdom. However, the same strong-headedness that tightened the noose so tightly around her father ¹s neck, has brought the same fate upon her. Without this flaw, though, she could never have become a hero in the sense that she has; namely a tragic one. All of these attributes combined are what give her the ability not only to be viewed by the Greeks as the equal of the men of the play, but also, through the avenging of her death by the gods, she has taken them head on and won. Creon ¹s entire family is destroyed, each by their own hand. Y et, this is the only fate that may come of the death of a hero. And though it is crucial to the story that she dies, her death may not be left unpaid for. Thus is the fate of a tragic hero.

The Siemon Company Swot Analysis - 1578 Words

The Siemon Company SWOT Analysis Subject and Purpose of the SWOT Analysis The purpose of this SWOT analysis is to determine the Siemon Company’s internal strengths and weaknesses as well as its external opportunities and threats. A thorough understanding in these four areas will aid in the development of a strategy plan that charts a new future direction for the company. A SWOT analysis is important because it will help determine what impacts a new venture would have on the company internally as well as externally. Selected Organization and Associated Mission Vision Statements Established in 1903, Siemon is an industry leader specializing in the manufacture and innovation of high quality, high-performance network cabling solutions. The company currently sells end-to-end cabling systems and manufactures all components except the fiber optic and copper cable. Mission Statement We enable communications anywhere in the world by providing network cabling solutions. Vision Statement To be the world’s leading quality manufacturer of high quality comprehensive network cabling solutions Summary of Resources Utilized Robert Carlson, Vice President of Global Marketing and member of the Board has provided some information that will be used in this analysis. Robert has been with the Siemon Company for over twenty-five years, reports directly to Carl N. Siemon, the President of the company and is directly involved in strategic planning for the organization Summary of StrengthsShow MoreRelatedSummary : External Environment Factors1316 Words   |  6 Pagesnetworking technologies. â€Å"The economic outlook for structured cabling is stable and growing in the low single digits† (R. Carlson, personal communications, November 10, 2015). Using the PEST analysis, the following political, economic, social and technology trends may impact the telecom industry and the Siemon Company’s strategy and vision to manufacture cable. Political Political factors determine the extent to which a government may influence the economy or a certain industry. For example, if theRead MoreInternal Assets Inventory1223 Words   |  5 PagesInternal ‘Assets’ Inventory Siemon has many core competencies. â€Å"Core competencies are collective skills, knowledge and process of an organization that are valuable, rare and difficult to imitate (Mroz, 2015). Siemon’s stability and quality of products are key differentiators within the industry (R. Carlson, personal communications, November 10, 2015). Siemon is a well-respected brand built on quality, service, innovation and value. They have been in business for 112 years and manufacture productRead MoreConsumer Behavior Towards Big Bazaar15008 Words   |  61 PagesCOMPARATIVE STUDY OF MARKETING STRATEGY REFERENCE TO 4PS OF BIG BAZAR OTHER RETAIL COMPANY Page |1 Management Thesis – 1 | 3rd Semester COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MARKETING STRATEGY REFERENCE TO 4PS OF BIG BAZAR OTHER RETAIL COMPANY CERTIFICATE It is certified that the work contained in the thesis entitled â€Å"A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MARKETING STRATEGY REFERENCE TO 4PS OF BIG BAZAR AND OTHER RETAIL COMPANY By Rajesh Kumar has been carried out under my supervision and that this work has not been

The New Business Model Consumers Optimal Economic...

Introduction The dramatic development of the Internet is making our life to constantly change and improve. In the past two years, some cellphone application (app) were in the explosive growth, for example, Airbnb and Uber. All the great successes they have made based on a concept - the â€Å"sharing economy†. The logic of these software is similar: the hands of users will be idle vehicles or take out housing resources, Uber and Airbnb will release these resources, in the form of information to the mobile terminal software and provide services to customers at low prices (Cannon Summersï ¼Å'2014; Matzler, Veider Kathan, 2014). The new business model brings customers significances, nevertheless, the rationality of the Sharing economy mode still exist many disputes, such as its regulatory responsibilities causes safety concerns. This paper will discuss whether the â€Å"sharing economy† is consumer s optimal economic interests by evaluating pro and cons respectively. Benefits to the consumer Wide range of options In numerous definition, Economist (2013) points out that the sharing economy needs information technology platforms in the market, which founded by a third party. With the aid of these platforms, individuals are able to exchange their underutilize items, share their knowledge, experience, or to raise funds for the Enterprise or an innovation project (Hartl, Hofmann Kirchler, 2015). This gives consumer opportunities to use other’s property to make idle assets moreShow MoreRelatedWal-Mart Internationalization15922 Words   |  64 Pagesairplanes, fax machines, global computers, and world televisions satellite broadcasting and most important the internet. These advances have allowed business corporations to widen substantially both their markets and their supplier sources. In the business world today, people refer to Globalization. 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Analysis of Innovation knowledge Management

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Innovation knowledge Management . Answer: Executive Summary The research provides an analysis of innovation knowledge management applied in companies. It utilizes processes of knowledge management and identifies knowledge management innovations that are used in organizations. Methods of analysis involve defining the three categories of innovations within the knowledge management process framework. Social, technological, and organizational innovations are identified within this framework. The analysis focuses on verifying working hypotheses based on the concept of innovation. Contrasting the knowledge management innovations and their corresponding outcomes leads to development of five hypotheses. Results analyzed show that only a few organizations pursue knowledge management practices. Some of the organizations have adopted the practices while a few are planning to develop frameworks to apply the management practices. Other organizations have not adopted the knowledge management practices as they lack understanding of the concept and dont consider them to be useful. These results are the same in all industry sectors. However, differences can be noted when companies are grouped based on size. The analysis shows that social innovations are most popular knowledge management innovations in the industry. A substantial number of companies pursue social innovation. Companies that use technological and organizational innovations are about the same. However, social innovation is the greatest innovation adopted by companies despite technological innovation being approved to have the greatest scope. The research finds adoption of knowledge management innovations to be below average. Weaknesses in adopting knowledge management of practices require further examination. Major hindrances to adoption of the practices discussed include: Few companies have developed knowledge management frameworks Companies are inflexible and slow in designing and implementing knowledge management processes. Management is not aware of the benefits gained from knowledge management practices. Few companies have implemented or plan to implement the practices The research recommends companies to not only embrace knowledge management tools but also adopt innovative solutions or think outside the box to reap benefits.

The Tempest. An Imperialist Heaven or Hell Argumentative Essay Example For Students

The Tempest. An Imperialist Heaven or Hell? Argumentative Essay Shakespeare lived and wrote in the Elizabethan age, a time when his society was branching out and making itself known throughout the world by colonizing other cultures. Great Britain was reaching for new heights of power. In the play Shakespeare questions the value of this new concept of British imperialism. The Tempest is called Shakespeares American play, because he calls into question Englands right to colonize other nations, much as American colonists did with America 200 years later. The Tempest was Shakespeares last play. For his entire life he had written plays to please the Queen. For this play it appears he made a controversial statement by challenging the values of his Queen and his country. Evidence of this is abundant in the play. The story rotates around the fact that Prospero, a European noble, had imposed himself on an island, already inhabited. Prospero is depicted as a worthy man, who was usurped from his throne. The reader has automatic sympathy for the character. T his allows him more leeway for wrong doing by creating room for it within the readers mind. Prospero came to the island with his daughter to find it already inhabited by two savages. Upon arrival, Prospero brought his new ideas with him, and began to force them upon these two savages, Sycorax and Caliban. He believed that his new ideas were better, such as slavery opposed to freedom, which he imposed on Caliban. We will write a custom essay on The Tempest. An Imperialist Heaven or Hell? Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Dull thing, I say so; he, that Caliban,Whom now I keep in my service. (Act. I, Sc. II, Ln. 285,6)This view of whose ideas were better is an obvious matter of opinion, one of the biggest drawbacks to transforming old ideas into new. Prospero was the first male that Caliban had seen in his life. As a lower being Caliban worshipped and praised Prospero, as the quote below shows, until Prospero began to mistreat him. I know it by thy trembling: now Prosper works upon thee(Act II, Sc. II, Ln. 81-3)This worship caused Prospero to act as a ruler above him, eventually pushing him to be the tyrant over Caliban, including robbing Caliban of his freedom. Keeping within his worship, Caliban lost his self-confidence and any drive for good deeds. Because Prospero had imposed himself upon Caliban, Calibans life began to decline. Without drive, or freedom for that matter, Caliban turned to a vegetable only working as a slave to Prospero. Again, the act of asserting that your ideas are superior can cause indelible harm to the recipient of that opinion. Throughout these ordeals, Prospero thought that he was helping Caliban, (again opinion) while actually destroying him. But these supposed helpful teachings to Caliban eventually turned on Prospero. Near the end of the play, Caliban finds Stephano and Trinculo on the island. These men appeared to be much like Prospero in dress, and in speech. Because he had been trained by Prospero to worship and follow, he immediately began to worship Stephano and Trinculo. This is what turned against him. By that time, Caliban had developed a deep hatred for Prospero and sought revenge against him. He discussed killing Prospero in his sleep with Stephano and Trinculo, which they agreed to because they would gain control of the island. Prospero escaped death by a hair, in that he had a sprite, Ariel, to spy on the plotting Englishmen. This was an example of his own imperialistic ideas turned against him, leading almost to his death. But these wrongs did not stop at Prospero and Caliban. New ideas were imposed also by Ariel, Prosperos servant sprite. Ariel was a lively spirit that was immortal, and therefor capable of much more than any human. Ariel proposed new ideas to the king, Alonso and all of his men, Gonzalo, Antonio, Sebastian, Adrian and Francisco. These men had perceived themselves as almighty as they paraded around the island in fear of nothing. Ariel enlightened them to their fault and may have even shown them their mistakes. You are three men of sin, whom Destiny,That hath to instrument this lower world. .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 , .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .postImageUrl , .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 , .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073:hover , .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073:visited , .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073:active { border:0!important; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073:active , .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Quantitative Methodology For Quantitative Research EssayYour swords are now too massy for your strengths,And will not be uplifted. that you three From Milan did supplant good Prospero: him and his innocent child (Act

Whispers in the Sand essays

Whispers in the Sand essays To escape from something is to break loose from confinement; get free and a means of obtaining temporary freedom from worry, care, or unpleasantness. In the novel, Whispers in the Sand, by Barbara Erskine it uses symbols which represent this feeling of escape. The symbols used in the novel try to symbolize some form of escape or difference between reality and illusion; the concept of escaping their own lives and retreating into an illusion has entered each of the character's minds. Everyone in the novel seeks haven from their lives, attempting to escape into a mythological world. In Whispers in the Sand, Erskines' use of the diary and the scent bottle portrays the high priests, Louisa and Anas need to use the escape as a literal exit from their own reality. In previous times when ancient Egypt was ruled by pharaohs there were two priests who had a struggle that abruptly ended both of their lives. This struggle was for the power and recognition of the pharaoh at the time. One priest ruled towards God and all things good, whereas the other wanted the power and for the Pharaoh to give him the recognition for finding an elixir of life so that he may live forever. Knowing that this was not an acceptable thing to do the good priest did whatever was in his power to stop the elixir from going any further or into the hands of the Pharaoh. As the priest went into stop the other from producing such a formula he says, No you mustnt, you cant. You have no idea what you are doing. You may think this is going to help all your problems but in the end you will always be here. Reality is this. Do not use a formula to make your life into some kind of illusion... (12). By his statement alone it is possible to believe that the bad priest was only doing the se acts in order to break free from his own life. That he was using the elixir which becomes the scent bottle to Ana in modern times as a way to make things ...

In what ways might the state be considered to be 'gendered' Essay

In what ways might the state be considered to be 'gendered' - Essay Example The status of women in this generally patriarchal world is a discussion that has passed, at least two centuries. It has been a sociologically proven fact that â€Å"historical construction of the state [†¦] represents a gendered masculine model†. Women who â€Å"constitute half the world’s population, perform nearly two-thirds of its work hours, receive one-tenth of the world’s income, and own less than one-hundredth of the world’s property† (cited in Bubeck, 1995: 2). It is this injustice and inequality that prompts discussion on the possibility of gendering the state. In different countries, women as individuals and as groups have been engaged in attempts to gender the state that govern them. Men who have internalized gender politics have also been partners in such attempts. To assess whether and to what extent a state is gendered, is to be able to scrutinize the actions, attitudes and policies of the state. And this assessment has to be base d on the notion that â€Å"any meaningful conception of equality must provide all women with political, social and economic rights† (Cornell, 1993: 162). From this reasoning and the discussion made above, it can be seen that just like there is no gendering of the state possible without the gendering of the society, no political change is possible without corresponding social and economic changes. But still, for the sake of convenience while making a gendering intervention, the state can be compartmentalized into different segments. like executive, legislature, media, informal political sphere, public space, etc. Gendering the processes of state The communist, capitalist and democratic forms of state, have been criticized by feminist scholars, for being hierarchical when it comes to gender relations (Abu-Laban, 2009: 7). The gender power relations within each of this system of rule were found to be typically an extension of family and its gender relations (Abu-Laban, 2009: 8). Some feminist scholars (cited in Abu-Laban, 2009) have debated whether nationalism is â€Å"progressive or reactionary† in terms of a gender perspective (12). The duality and contradiction involved with the role of women as citizens and as inferior members in a family has to be addressed if the gendering process of the state is to gain stability by finding roots in the society (Abu-Laban, 2009: 13). True (2003) has drawn attention to the need of â€Å"gendering socialist state† by which it becomes clear that even a state establishment that addresses certain inequalities like class and race cannot be considered as gender-sensitive (28). In such a scenario, the gendering of state is viewed as to include: Election [of women] to legislatures, the appointment of women to public office as ministers and bureaucrats, the presence of women’s policy agencies, and the potential for these women and agencies to promote women-friendly policy outcomes (McBride and

Music in My Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Music in My Life - Essay Example Punk music signaled the first days of having a driver's license. Perhaps because of these elements music began to evolve to a new stage, beyond nostalgia or the excitement of a new band. At some point, it became possible to actually select a mood. The music itself could transform my mental state, lift me from whatever ruminations the day held, and lift me into a place beyond words, even if the music itself contained words. Music is like any other passion: when one truly begins to learn about it, it is humbling to realize just how little one knows in the face of how much more there is to learn. Music is amazing in its complexity, astounding in its interconnectedness. A musician can even take someone else's song and make it their own. There are vast differences between Hendrix's and Dylan's versions of All Along the Watchtower. The gut-wrenching blues of Leadbelly's Black Betty was turned inside out by Ram Jam. Shuggie Otis revealed an internal family revolution from the influence of his father Johnny Otis. Bands such as Widespread Panic or the Alman Brothers still show their hillbilly-folk roots. The politics of folk music redeveloped through the punk music of the Dead Kennedys, or even more recently, through System of a Down. Classical music has been co-opted and turned into such rock-operas as The Who's Tommy or Queensryche's two-album Operation Mindcrime.

Political Power Essay Example for Free

Political Power Essay Power could be defined as â€Å"the ability to bring about change† according to Beyond intractability. Org website (http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/Power/). Power is the ability to influence the behavior of the others so as to make them do what one wants.   It entails authority and control.   Thus political power is the authority to control a society. Political power can be manipulated leading to negative use by the person or people holding it.   There are many bad uses of political power that can result from holding of the power by an irresponsible person. Such negative uses include dictatorship, corruption and oppression of the society.   Political power can also be used positively to bring benefit to the society. Political power can be used to foster development, to maintain peace and also to protect the society from external threats of invasion.   Despite the various harsh negative uses of political power, the positive uses shows that political power does not always lead to negative outcomes.   Political power can be effectively used to bring a lot of benefits to the society. Political power can be used to perpetrate corruption. People holding much political power can use it inappropriately to engage in corruption. This is particularly possible when much of the power is vested on a few individuals and there is no evaluation or a watchdog on how this power is used.   When they get enticed to use it for their personal gain at the expense of the society for which they are supposed to care. Corruption is abuse of office or power by a person so as he can benefit.   Corruption can take many forms all leading to great injustices to the society.   When political officers get into office, they do so promising the society that they will serve the interest of the society before their own personal gains.   However, after gaining political power they uphold their personal gain.   This can be done through misappropriation of funds whereby the offices holding the power spends public funds in a way that do not bring benefits to the society.   Example of misappropriation of funds may entail starting of projects that are not necessary to the society or buying luxurious facilities for their use at the expense of other more necessary facilities. Corruption can also be in the form of embezzlement o f public funds.   The political officers may use their power to get access to money belonging to the public through public corporations and use it for their own personal interests.   Facilities of such corporation can be wrongly used to serve the officer’s personal interests instead of their official use. Such actions lead to poor performance of such corporation leading to difficulties in meeting the essential needs of the society.   If funds belonging to a government institution, for example, a hospital are embezzled by a few officers, it means the hospital is not able to offer the services it is supposed to offer efficiently.   This will lead to great suffering of the members of the society which depend on such public facilities.   It is also very unfair to the society as they pay taxes so that they government can offer such services Corruption can also take the form of bribery.   This is mostly an administrative form of corruption but can be perpetrated by political officers also.   This involves the political officers asking for bribes from the members of society or organization so as they can be offered certain services. The is bribes may range from small gifts to massive amounts of money.   This form of corruption means the members of society are not able to get services without parting with other resources.   It also means there is segregation of some of the members of the society as, if they fail to raise the required bribes, they don’t get access to the resources they need. Corruption can also lead to extortion.   This entails use of political power by the political officers to obtain something by illegal threats.   The political officers may acquire interests in certain things or organization though issuing threats or force. Corruption has various costs to a country. If corruption is predominant in a country all the members of society are affected in one way or another.   The wealth of such a country is significantly affected leading to decrease in income.   The economy in a very corrupt state will be poor and businesses will not operate efficiently.   Consequently, the national income goes down affecting the ability of the government to offer essential services to the citizens.   This will inform produce a society with high rates of illiteracy and poverty. In the animal farm Napoleon used his political power to instigate corruption. He changed the rules from what had been collectively agreed to what suited his rule. He also used the dogs to threaten any other animal that opposed his rule. Napoleon and the other pigs also used the property of the farm for their own use which the other animals had not agreed upon. Another negative use of political power is establishment of dictatorship rule. Dictatorship is whereby the country is controlled by one or a few individuals who have absolute power.   Their rule is not limited by anyone, buy law constitution or social justices.   They do what they want. To gain dictatorship political officers use the little political power they have to gain more political power and later dictatorship. This is possible through oppression of nay efforts that try to limit their power.   This may include execution of people who take the bold steps of openly opposing the rule of these political powers. Dictators take control of all the operations of power in the country and personalize the rule. The dictatorship may also regulate all the actions by the citizens of a country and directs these actions against the will or consent of the citizens. Dictatorships are influenced by different factors that lead the political rules to misuse their political powers and establish dictatorships.   There are many countries that have been ruled by dictators or are still ruled by dictators.   An example of dictatorship is Stalinism which was a regime established by Joseph Stalin who lived between 1878 and 1953 in United Social Soviet Republic.   He was a dictator party leader whose tenure and campaigns costed lives of millions of people.   His rule had big negative impacts on USSR but also transformed it from a peasant society to an industrial nation http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSstalin.htm). In George Orwell’s book (1996), the Animal Farm he depicts how people struggle collectively to oust bad rule but after gaining control, the few who are trusted with the political power misuse it and establishes an autocratic form of rule whereby they dictate on all the others. The pigs in the story, after chasing the oppressive farmer, took control of the farm and established a rule that oppressed the other animals.   The animals that questioned the rule were mistreated or executed (Orwell 1996). Napoleon used mudslinging to destroy the reputation of Snowball and later chased him from the farm. These represent how people who oppose a dictator are exiled after being falsely accused. This is typical of many African and Asian countries whereby after gaining independence form colonialism, the leaders who were trusted with political power went ahead to establish dictatorship.   Other examples of dictators include Idd Amin of Uganda, Hu Chi Minh of North Vietnam and Saddam Hussein of Iraq. Oppression of citizens and social injustices is another form of negative use of political power.   In this case, the leaders vested with political power bends the rules, and perpetrate actions that lead to oppression of citizens and social injustices.   The law or the constitution is not followed and injustice becomes inaccessible to the society. In political system where citizen are oppressed and social injustice are rife, a few people control all the branches of government. Though the legislative, executive and judiciary branches of the government may seem independent, this few individuals use their political powers to influence the operations of all these branches.   This results to much suffering of the citizens and as the justice system are faulty the citizen lack a forum through which their injustices can be addressed. In modern society this can be done through practices like imposition of rules that are aimed at oppressing the citizens, coercion to the citizens to carry out certain actions and even detention of some prominent people.   The individuals who do not support the action of those with the political power are mistreated, detained or exiled. In the Animal farm, George Orwell depicts how this is done when the pigs after assuming the leadership of the other animals change the rules and uses their power to mistreat, overwork, starve and oppress the other animals (Orwell 1996). Napoleon sold off one of the animals after he became old and less productive. This was an act of betrayal and oppression of the animal as he had also taken part in the fight for their independence. Political power can also be used for the benefits of the society. There are many countries that have benefited from positive use of the political powers to the benefit of the society.   One way political power can be used positively is fostering development can greatly be encouraged through use of political power to create the right environment for development.   Political powers can be used to enact laws, policies and strategies that are aimed at fostering development.   As the political systems influence much of the economic systems in a country, positive use of the political power can lead to positive influence on the economy of a country. The leaders vested with political power can use this pioneer to help enact laws or policies that will encourage investment and expansion of the economy.   This may be in the form of providing incentives to investors building effective infrastructures or providing a conducive environment for the economy to flourish.   In the animal farm the decision to build the windmill was a good idea aimed at bringing development in the farm and comfort to the animals (Orwell 1996). United States is a country that has massive political power that is used to foster developments. The country has a free market economy with policies encouraging conducive running of the economy.   A country like Japan has used their political power to build good infrastructures that facilitate expansion of their economy. Another positive use of political power is maintenance of peace. Political power can be effectively used to maintain peace and order in the country.   As peace is very crucial for co-existence and development in a country such use of political power can lead to great benefits to the country.   The political leaders can use their authority and influence in the society they rule to encourage and foster good co-existence between the citizens.    Political powers are needed to ensure that this happens.   The leader will use their authority to maintain order in the society and make sure that no one single citizen engages in practices that infringe the rights of others.   Laws are enacted to guide the actions of the citizens and certain strategies are taken to make sure that the laws are followed.   Political power is used to establish such a system. In Orwell’s Animal Farm the animal had collaborated to come up with rules that were aimed at maintaining good co-existence among the animals (Orwell 1996). This is done through establishment of a police force that maintains law and order and enactment of a court system that ensures that those who defy the rules are punished or forced to obey. Political power also establishes the judicial system that offers a forum through which the citizens can have their rights enforced.   All these actions bring peace by ensuring all the citizens get their rights and live harmoniously. Another positive use of political power is protection of the country from invasion. Political power is used in establishment of strategies of ensuring that a country is protected from external invasion.   This will ensure that the country is safe from threats and can concentrate on development. Political power can be utilized in different ways to protect a country from external attacks.   First the political leader can use their power and authority to help and lead in formation of policies aimed at protecting the country from possible attacks.   These policies may include security measures aimed at preventing such attacks.   The political powers can also establish armed forces that will maintain the security of the country and defend it in case of any external attacks. Weapons can also be acquired either through manufacturing or purchase form other countries aiming at providing a security measure to prevent or defend an attack.   Political leaders can also use their authority to established partnerships links with other countries aimed at fostering co-operation thus minimizing threat of attack from those countries.   These co operations may also be used as partners in maintenance of the peace of the country.   Such partners will collaborate in case of an attack or in strategies aimed at minimizing possibilities of an attack. In Orwell’s Animal Farm he depicted good use of political power when the animals united in their fight against Mr. Jones, the earlier owner of the farm. Because of this unity they were able to defeat Mr. Jones (Orwell 1996). Political leaders can use their authority to influence the practices of their country so as to prevent any actions that may trigger attacks from other countries.   Such actions may include neutrality in conflicts involving other parties. Countries in Europe have formed the European Union aimed at co-operation and collaboration in different issues.   This union unites the country hence minimizing the possibility of attack of one country by another.   There are many such unions that have been formed for such purposes including organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) and the African Union (AU). Other countries in Europe and other places have formed NATO which is aimed at collaboration to prevent attacks form other countries.   All these efforts are aimed at protection of the individual countries and are established by political powers Political power can be used to instigate very bad and harmful activities in a country such as corruption, dictatorship and oppression of citizens. These activities lead to a lot of suffering and deterioration of economies of such countries.   However, political power can also be used to establish policies and practices for the benefit of a country. Political power is a key ingredient for development, peace and safety of a country.   Actually for country to be successful it must have a good and strong political powers that will help instigate the success.   Ã‚  Thus, it is evidence that political power does not always lead to negative outcomes.   It can be used effectively to produce many benefits to a society. Reference: Beyondintractability.org. Power. Retrieved on February 6, 2008 from http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/Power/ Orwell G. (1996).Animal Farm. New York; New American Library. Spartacus educational. Joseph Stalin. Retrieved on February 6, 2008 from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSstalin.htm

Hard Times :: essays research papers

The book Hard Times written by Charles Dickens is a story about a Lancashire Mill Town in the 1840’s. The novel is divided into three books. Dickens titles the books accordingly to prepare the reader for what is about to come, and throughout the novel he shows the effects of the education system, the setup of the caste system, and the Industrial Revolution had on society through this small town of Coketown. The main characters of the novel show the English caste system of the 19th century by showing how one influences the other and the amount of power the bourgeois now have in society. They own the factories. Therefore, they have the money and, because of the changes coming from the revolution, have some power in society. The titles of the three books, â€Å"Sowing†, â€Å"Reaping†, and â€Å"Garnering† shows significance in the way Dickens is trying to help the reader get an understanding of what is to come. Dickens shows the way the working classes are f ighting for a say in the way they are treated at work by forming unions and how a bad negotiator can ruin things. He shows from the start that the education system is based on â€Å"fact† and not â€Å"fancy.† The breakdown of the â€Å"fact† based education is shown when Gradgrind himself asked a question that is not fact based. In the end, the whole system of education is reversed and the â€Å"fancy† is fancied. The novel can be summarized as a book about two struggles. One struggle is between fact and imagination and the other is the struggle between two classes. Thomas Gradgrind, the father of Louisa, Tom, and June not only stresses facts in the classroom in which he teaches, but also at home to his family. He has brought up his children to know only the â€Å"facts.† Everything is black and white, right or wrong with nothing in between. Gradgrind does not like the idea of going to the circus or having flowered carpet. Everyone knows a person cannot have flowered carpet. He would trample all over them and they would end up dying. The second struggle is between the classes is illustrated between Stephen Blackpool and Bounderby. Blackpool represents the working class and Bounderby the bourgeois or middle class. He is a warm-hearted man who feels he deserves this mediocre life. Blackpool was once an employee under Bounderby and was fired for standing up for his beliefs.

Discourses in Childhood Essay

What is a discourse? Describe two competing discourses of childhood and suggest the ways that they can have an impact on children’s lives. The concept of discourse is the key to understanding a social constructionist approach to childhood. A discourse is an independent set of interrelated ideas held by a particular ideology or worldview. The social constructionist approach tries to describe the different ways in which knowledge of children and childhoods are constructed. Different discourses of childhood have different ideas of childhood which has different implications on the way in which children are treated. Within the social constructionist theory there are 3 main discourses – romantic, puritan and tabula rasa. This essay will look at 2 of those discourses, which directly compete with each other – the Romantic and Puritan, and suggest ways in which they impact children’s lives. The romantic discourse of childhood suggests children are naturally good. InRousseau’s (1979) view childhood and innocence go hand in hand – children are born pure and innocent. He believed children ought to be given freedom to be who they are, that their childhood should be carefree, and that their innocence should be protected. Rousseau believed children only learn evil and misbehave because they have been mistreated or corrupted in some way. This is contrary to the Puritan discourse, which believes children are born wicked, are amoral, without conscience, and if left to their own devices will resort to savagery. According to Hobbes (1588-1679), who supports this discourse, children should be controlled and disciplined by adults – even if it causes the child unhappiness, short-term pain or distress. Unlike the previous discourse, the Puritan discourse sees children as being responsible for their actions. These discourses of childhood are seen constructed in the media. The Peugeot television advert (Video 1 Band 3, page no’s 239 – 256)gives an example of a man driving a car fanaticising about being a hero andsaving the little girl pictured from being run over. The advert tries to construct the image that  the Peugeot is the type of car that will appeal to a â€Å"hero† and one who is a ‘protector.’ The advert is constructed in such a way to encourage the viewer to form an image of an innocent, vulnerable child and to treat children as people needing protection. (the man is the hero protecting the child from danger). It is obvious that this advert reflects the Romantic discourse. One further advert constructed around the romantic discourse is the Evian water advert (Video 1 Band 3, video page no’s 256 – 257 & 266 – 268) featuring babies swimming in water. From this the viewer is meant to construct an image of the baby as being pure, and unspoiled. This advert is designed to encourage the viewer to think of pure Evian water and a ‘pure’ baby, suggesting that babies are innocent because they are pure. As already said the romantic and puritan discourses are directly competing. The Puritan discourse can be seen through the following 2 film clips. Thefirst is from the film â€Å"Leon† (Video 1 Band 3, video page no’s 271 – 297) which is a story of the friendship between Leon, a professional assassin and Mathilda who is a young girl who’s parents and young brother have been killed and who asks Leon to teach her to kill so that she can avenge her family’s death. The film has constructed an image of Mathilda as an unruly, sinful, and wicked child which is how the puritan discourse describes children. â€Å"Leon† shows that childhood in this case is not a time of innocence and that bad things, like violence and death are witnessed – and caused – by children. It shows a child – as Mathilda is obviously still a child – who has not had her childhoodprotected. The final film clip (Video 1 Band 3 p 333-339) is that of â€Å"American Beauty† portraying a young girl named Angela who is a friend of Lester’s daughter’s. Angela is depicted in a way that makes the viewer think she is sexuallymature and like Mathilda in the previous clip – ‘knowing’ and not innocent. This challenges the viewer’s ideas of childhood being a time of sexual innocence as here is a young girl oozing sexuality, definitely not innocence – but as a child lacking in morals, mirroring the puritan view of childhood. However in a scene where Lester thinks his fantasy of Angela is about to come true, Angela reveals that she innocent in her knowledge of sexual matters, reminding viewers that she is still a child in need of protection. This film clip began as depicting an amoral, sinful, ‘knowing’ young girl in line with the puritan discourse and ends by depicting children as people in need of protection and who are innocent, and as childhood as a time which adults should be protecting the child from anything that will shatter the child’s innocence. In a sense, the end of the clip depicts the adult’s job as to be the hero, saving the child from ‘evil’ much the same as the man in the Peugeot advert mentioned earlier. These discourses affect our views of children which in turn affects how children are thought of and therefore treated. In adopting a Romantic view, you will see children as innocence which in the 2 media clips, was associatedwith vulnerability and purity. According to Rousseau, children should be protected from the adult world, and everything should be done to make their childhood a happy carefree time. As already seen though through the 2 film clips, the Puritan discourse treats children as being unruly and in need of control. They are treated as being responsible for their actions and therefore they should be punished when they do wrong. Having shown how romantic and puritan discourses can be seen in contemporary childhood through the use of the media, I will move on to look at a true life example – that of the murder of 3-year old James Bulger in1993. This little boy was badly beaten and left on a railway line after being abducted from his mum whilst on a shopping trip. His killers were two 10-year old boys. (Asquith 1996)To adopt the romantic discourse of childhood in dealing with the those two boys who killed James Bulger would be to suggest you believed the boys to be naturally good but corrupted by adults and therefore should be forgiven and given rehabilitation – not punishment. On the other hand, to agree withthe competing discourse – that of the puritan discourse  then you would seethose boys as being inherently evil and responsible for their own actions and therefore deserving punishment. Therefore it is clear that whichever discourse of childhood is chosen in dealing with children, it has implications on the way in which children are treated. So far this essay has looked at the social constructionist approach to childhood, but will now consider another approach – the applied. Whenstudying childhood from an applied approach, the main interests are the effect which practical issues like the children’s upbringing and development will have on the children’s lives. Within this approach there are 2 models ofhow the law can deal with young offenders, like the boys in the James Bulger case. According to Asquith 1996 there are two models within the appliedapproach that give different opinions on how to deal with young offenders. These are linked to the discourses already mentioned within the social constructionist approach. The welfare model uses social and individual factors in explaining why children do wrong – it is because they have been mistreated or deprived in some way. This mirrors the Romantic discourse in the sense that both see children as being innocent and blame other factors for children’s wrongdoings. It believes, therefore that children do not deserve to be punished but ought to be shown forgiveness and deserve to be cared for in order to overcome any disadvantages they have faced. In following this model, children should not be dealt with in a court of law but by means of rehabilitation and by considering what would be best for the child. The justice model is in contrast to the welfare model and sees child offenders as being responsible for what they’ve done and deservepunishment and dealt with in a court of criminal law. The justicemodel mirrors the puritan discourse, as they hold similar beliefs thatchildren are innately evil and ought to be held responsible for their own actions and deserve to be punished accordingly. This essay has looked at 2 competing discourses of childhood – the romantic and the puritan. They are competing in the way that they view children and  childhood which in turn has a direct implication for the way that children are treated. Within the Romantic discourse, children are constructed as being pure, innocent and their childhood should be protected and kept carefree. This discourse competes with the puritan discourse which sees children as being innately wicked, unruly and lacking in moralsIt stands to reason therefore that these competing discourses have different implications for the way children are treated. In adopting a romantic discourse children will be forgiven for wrongs, protected from evil and offered rehabilitation when they do offend whereas in adopting a puritan discourse children who are â€Å"naughty† do so because of their innate evilness and deserve to be punished. REFERENCES Book 1 Understanding Childhood,Chapter 1Block 1 Study Guide and Audio-Visual Notes, Unit 1Video 1 Band 3 â€Å"Representations of Childhood†

Position Of Rape Laws In India - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2100 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Review Tags: Act Essay India Essay Did you like this example? The Indian Penal Code, 1860 (hereinafter IPC), drafted by T. B. McCauley and his colleague law commissioners, reflected the then prevailing sexual norms in India, criminalized rape a coercive non-consensual (as well as consensual in a set of specified circumstances) sexual intercourse with a woman. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Position Of Rape Laws In India" essay for you Create order S.375  [1]  of the Indian Penal Code describes six circumstances in which the offence of rape is said to be committed. In these, the first and the second clauses are representative of the elements required to constitute the offence of rape and the rest characterizes different situations of consent and its absence in various circumstances incomprehensible or given based on a misconception of a fact by a woman. It is often stated that a woman who is raped undergoes two crises-the rape and the subsequent trial. While the first seriously wounds her dignity, curbs her individual, destroys her sense of security and may often ruin her physically, the second is no less potent of mischief, inasmuch as it not only forces her to re-live through the traumatic experience, but also does so in the glare of publicity in a totally alien atmosphere, with the whole apparatus and paraphernalia of the criminal justice system focused upon her. The main ingredients of rape are namely against will of the woman, without her consent, Consent procured by putting the woman under fear of death or hurt is no consent in law, Consent accorded under a misconception that the person is husband of the woman is not a valid consent, consent procured of a woman of unsound mind or under the influence of intoxication, etc. Most cases of prosecution fail because the victim is not able to prove that she did not consent to the act. The corollary that the judiciary seems to have adopted is that if the woman has failed to resist at the time of act, she is deemed to have consented to the sexual intercourse. The judiciary, again surprisingly has held that lack of any injuries on the body or the private parts is a strong indicator of consent on the part of the woman.  [7] Tukaram v. State of Maharashtra  [8]  has carried the debate on the definition of consent further. This famous (or rather infamous!) case, known by the name of mathura case has peculiar facts and different analysis of t he same by the High Court on one side and Trial Court and Supreme Court on the other. This case was sought to be covered by the prosecution under cl.3 of the Indian Penal Code. It was alleged that that the victim was made to give consent by putting her in fear of death or hurt. The Sessions Court Judge disbelieved the prosecution story and held that corroborative circumstances lead to the conclusion that while Mathura was there in the Police Station she had sexual intercourse and that in all probability it was with Ganpat. Fearing the wrath of her relatives, the Judge held that she did not admit that she had surrendered her body to the constable. On appeal, the High Court said- Mere passive or helpless surrender of the body and its resignation to the others lust induced by threats or fear cannot be equated with the desire or will, nor can it furnish an answer by the mere fact that sexual act was not in opposition to such desire Disagreeing with the High Court, the Supreme Cour t said that unless fear was shown to be that of death or hurt, it would not vitiate consent. The Supreme Court said Further, for circumstantial evidence to be used in order to prove an ingredient of an offence, it was to be such that it leads to no reasonable inference other than that of guilt. We have already pointed out that the fear, which clause thirdly of section 375 speaks of, is negativated by the circumstance that the girl is said to have been taken away by Ganpat right away from amongst her near and dear ones at a point of time when they were all leaving the police station together crossing the entrance gate to emerge out of it.. The Court observed that Mathura was subjected to no fear of death or hurt that may have led her to consent to the act and the absence of any injuries in any part of her body indicates that the affair on the whole, was a peaceful one and the story put up by her is totally false. It was observed further by Court that her relatives had been clo se by and Mathura could have raised resisted and appealed to her brother, had she had no intentions of satisfying the constables lust. Her meek conduct, her following the constable and allowing him to have his way with her showed that she had consented. Resistance and non-consent Resistance inasmuch as is a definite indicator of consent should not be laid down as the only means of expressing non-consent.  [9]  There have been a number of acquittals merely because the judge found no evidence of resistance from the victim. Adding insult to the injury, the inference that non-resistance to the sexual activity is an implicit consent on the part of the victim to the sexual activity only draws out the patriarchal nature of the judiciary and overwhelming acceptance of traditional notions and myths of female sexuality existing in the society in modern times.  [10]  The presumption that active resistance is the only criterion for proving non-consent is problematic at its best and illogical at its worst since such a view confers on the prosecutrix, the burden of proving her non consent and her consequent resistance to sexual intercourse.  [11]  This is akin to treating the prosecutorix to that of an accomplice, and a severe insult on her dignity and being. Injuries on the body of the prosecutorix are the usual evidence that is looked for to prove resistance. Hence, where a person is charged with the offence of having committed rape, the question for determination is whether the woman was a consenting party or not. The first and foremost circumstance that is looked for in cases of this kind is the evidence of resistance which is expected from a woman unwilling to yield to sexual intercourse forced upon her.  [12] In case of Valliappa Harijan v. State of Goa  [13]  , the prosecutorix narrated thus I was forcibly thrown down and he (accused) made me lie on the towel. He then sat on my thighs and tied both my hands on either side and raped me. The courts response to this statement was that One cannot understand how this action of the accused could be humanly possible particularly when a woman exerts resistance. Any woman of character and modesty would have put some amount of resistance when she is being raped. The doctor stat ed that the there were no injuries on the private part of the prosecutorix. It can be inferred that sexual intercourse, if at all has occurred, was only with the consent of the prosecutorix. The Apex Court has also held the opposite i.e the absence of any injury on the body negates the claim of resistance.  [14] The courts have failed to take notice of the situation of a rape victim that she may not be able to muster enough strength to repel the act. She can be in a sate of shock and fear that could inhibit her ability to resist or react violently to the act. A woman considering her stature in the society is generally not expected to assault a man. Therefore, there may not be any injury in her body. Failure of the judiciary to recognize this has resulted in resistance being an essential ingredient in determining lack of consent and where there is no injury on the body, it is deemed that the complainant had consented to the act.  [15] Rape and Law of Evidence Rape remains one of the most misunderstood and underreported crimes. The victims are traumatized and there also exists a fear or dislike of going to the police. From official statistics, it is seen that there is a sharp increase in the incidence of this crime in the country. A survey on rape cases shows that rape victims mostly come from the lower rungs of the society. Rape has a devastating effect on the survivors and aftershocks include depression, fear, guilt, diminished sexual interest etc. Because of the stigma attached to rape, the victim faces social ostracism. Burden of proof of innocence on the accused In a criminal case the charge against the accused must be proved beyond reasonable doubt.  [16]  The presumption is that the burden of proving everything necessary to bring home the guilt to the accused is on the prosecution. One of the most important elements of the offence of rape under section 375, IPC is the lack of consent of the victim. The prosecution must prove the non-consent beyond reasonable doubt, as per the canons of criminal law. It is of common knowledge that a large number of prosecutions for the offence of rape fail for want of such a proof.  [17]  It is to remove this infirmity and other procedural difficulties in prosecution of a person charged with rape that the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 1983 (43 of 1983) section 6 has added section, 114A in the Evidence Act, 1972 with effect from December 25, 1983.  [18] A careful perusal of the section 114A of the Evidence Act, 1872 would reveal that the legislature has made a fine distinction between:  [ 19] Rape falling within sub-section (1) to section 376, and sub-section (2) clause (f), and Rape falling within clauses (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) and (g) of sub-section (2) to section 376 IPC. The change effects a marked departure from the classic principle of criminal jurisprudence, that a person is deemed innocent until the contrary is proved by the prosecution. As a result of the change, the charge that the alleged act of sexual intercourse was without or against the consent of the prosecutrix will be presumed ipso facto, unless the contrary is proved. That is to say, section 114A of the Evidence Act shifts the burden of proof on the accused to prove his innocence. Whether or not there is justification for engrafting the mandatory presumption in the above Act there is little warrant for it in a rape case. It is remarked that such a presumption would place a heavy burden on the alleged offender of rape while providing a weapon to the prosecution for blackmailing. Conclusion It is elementary that the criminal law is the chief legal instrument for preventing anti-social acts of a serious character. This object is sought to be achieved, in the first instance, by the legislative command embodying that aspect of punishment, which is called general deterrence. The fact that the particular crime has been committed shows that the object of deterrence has failed to prevent the particular criminal act. The debate on punishment for rape has progressed in two diagonally opposite directions. While one segment of the judiciary has consistently awarded less than the minimum mandatory punishment, another section of judges and opinion makers have been advocating for barbaric punishments of the medieval era to deal with the increase in reported cases of rapes in country. But at the other level, rape victims continue to be looked upon with suspicion and the issue of rape is trivialized. According to the National Crime Records Bureau, of the 284 cases of rape reported in Delhi in 1992, there were only 3 convictions by 1995. Similarly during 2001, of the 11,735 rape trials completed by courts all over the country, as many as 8,669 (76 per cent) failed and were acquittals or discharged  [20]  . It is clear that feminist sensibility is not evenly spread across the judicial checkerboard. Almost always the trial courts are deeply imbued with the mission of penalty in rape cases; almost always the High Courts mitigate (a look at the case recited by the Supreme Court in this very case, confirms the tendency of the trial courts to take the offence seriously and of the High Courts to reverse well-grounded convictions). And the Supreme Court does, on the whole, though not with an integral consistency speak rigorously on behalf of the violated women. The patriarchal nature of the judiciary and the sensitization of the same are the needs of the hour. It is essential that the judiciary, which has pursued doggedly the quest to preserve the constitution, s hould also wake up to the reality in the Indian milieu, where the constitutional guarantees and imperatives granted to the woman are being grossly violated. Law should not sit limply, while those who defy it go free and those who seek its protection loses hope. (Jennison v. Baker (1972) 1 All ER 997).  [21]